Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the permanent and abnormal dilation or widening of the bronchi and bronchioles (the small airways) in the lungs. This abnormal widening can lead to a buildup of mucus and other secretions, making it difficult to clear the airways and increasing the risk of infection.
The most common symptoms of bronchiectasis include chronic cough, production of large amounts of mucus or sputum, shortness of breath, chest pain, and recurrent respiratory infections. Bronchiectasis can be caused by a number of factors, including genetic disorders, respiratory infections, immune system dysfunction, and inhalation of toxic substances.
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests such as chest X-rays or CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. Treatment usually involves a combination of medications to manage symptoms and prevent infections, as well as airway clearance techniques such as chest physiotherapy, nebulized medications, and oxygen therapy. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged or infected lung tissue.
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